Self-assessment Parkinson��s Disease Disability Scale

Last Updated

May 01, 2013

Purpose

The SPDDS is an instrument for the measurement of disabilities in Parkinson��s Disease.

Acronym SPDDS

Assessment Type

Patient Reported Outcomes

Administration Mode

Paper & Pencil

Cost

Free

Diagnosis/Conditions

Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders

Parkinson's Disease

The SPDDS is a disease-specific questionnaire consisting of 24 items addressing activities of daily living. The original SPDDS consisted of 25 items, however an item has been added and two items have been dropped due to high nonresponse. See Table 1 below for list of specific items on questionnaire.

The patient indicates to what extent they are able to perform the activities without help.

Answers are rated on a five-point scale ranging from ��able to do alone without difficulty�� to ��unable to do at all��.

(Biemans et al. 2001)(Biemans et al. 2001)
The original SPDDS consisted of 25 items, however an item has been added and two items have been dropped due to high nonresponse.
See Table 1 below for list of specific items on questionnaire.
The patient indicates to what extent they are able to perform the activities without help.
Answers are rated on a five-point scale ranging from ��able to do alone without difficulty�� to ��unable to do at all�� (Biemans et al., 2001).

Number of Items

5 minutes

Required Training

No Training

Adult

18 - 64

years

Elderly Adult

65 +

years

Instrument Reviewers

Suzanne O��Neal, PT, DPT, NCS & the PD EDGE Task Force of the Neurology Section of the APTA

ICF Domain

Activity
Participation

Measurement Domain

Activities of Daily Living

Considerations

Can also be given to patient��s caregivers to assess the patient��s disability however according to one study, the patient��s assessment was a more accurate picture of their actual disability, particularly in milder stages (Brown et al., 1989).

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Normative Data

Parkinson��s Disease:

(Biemans et al, 2001; n = 142; mean age = 66(10.4) years; Hoehn & Yahr Stage range = I to V (I = 29, II = 41, III = 39, IV = 24, V = 9)

Table 1 Mean, standard deviation and scalability of items of the SPDDS questionnaire

Item	Mean	SD	H (g)
Washing face and hands	1.46	0.83	0.66
Brushing teeth	1.51	0.86	0.63
Using a telephone	1.54	0.90	0.62
Making tea or coffee	1.68	1.17	0.71
Inserting and removing an electric plug	1.70	1.09	0.63
Pouring milk from a bottle or carton	1.75	1.10	0.65
Walking about house/flat	1.82	1.19	0.66
Getting up out of armchair	1.87	0.89	0.63
Picking up object from floor	1.87	1.03	0.67
Having a shower	1.87	1.22	0.71
Getting undressed	1.94	1.07	0.70
Holding and reading newspaper	1.98	1.09	0.52
Holding cup and saucer	1.99	1.13	0.58
Getting out of bed	2.03	0.92	0.71
Getting dressed	2.06	1.05	0.70
Walking down the stairs	2.07	1.31	0.64
Doing the dishes	2.10	1.30	0.65
Walking up the stairs	2.10	1.28	0.64
Walking outside, for example to local shops	2.31	1.52	0.68
Cutting food with knife and fork	2.32	1.16	0.57
Opening tins (not using an electric opener)	2.42	1.03	0.60
Turning over in bed	2.51	1.17	0.57
Travelling by public transport	2.83	1.64	0.69
Writing a letter	2.90	1.47	0.60

(Items in table arranged by level of disability, from least to most)

Internal Consistency

Parkinson��s Disease:

(Biemans et al, 2001)

Excellent internal consistency:
Cronbach��s alpha coefficient = 0.97.
��Ǳ𱹾��Բ��&�Բ��;H = 0.64
Reliability rho = 0.97

Criterion Validity (Predictive/Concurrent)

Parkinson��s Disease :

(Biemans et al, 2001)

Excellent correlation between the SPDDS and the Sickness Impact Scale (SIP68): r = 0.83.

Table 2 The relationship between self-report and observation for selected items of the SPDDS

SPDDS Questionnaire	Observation	N	ICC (3,1)
Getting out of bed	Getting in/out of bed	28	0.81
Getting up from an armchair	Getting up from and sitting down in armchair	29	0.61
Walking up the stairs	Walking up and down the stairs	23	0.66
Walking down the stairs	Walking up and down the stairs	23	0.50
Getting dressed	Putting on and taking off coat	29	0.77
Getting undressed	Putting on and taking off coat	29	0.73
Making cup of tea or coffee	Making cup of tea or coffee	18	0.82
Holding cup and saucer	Holding a cup and saucer	26	0.79
Using a telephone	Using a telephone	29	0.52
Writing a letter	Writing a letter	29	0.57
Turning over in bed	Turning over in bed	26	0.56

(The ICC varied from 0.52 to 0.82, showing a moderate to high positive association)

Strong relationship between the SPDDS questionnaire and H&Y Stages: (F = 104.85, df =141, p<0.0001)

H&Y Stage	SPDDS Score (Mean)	SD
I	30.3	5.8
II	36.9	7.4
III	49.3	10.3
IV	72.3	15.6
V	95.2	19.6

Parkinson��s Disease :

(Brown et al, 1989; Group 1 n = 37; mean age (years) = 65.1(9.6); mean disease duration = 10.9(5.4); duration range (years) = 3 to 26; Hoehn & Yahr Stage II n = 12, Stage III = 20, Stage IV = 3, Stage V = 2; Group 2 n=29; mean age (years) = 50.4(9.3); mean duration (years) = 10.5(4.3); duration range (years) = 3 to 19)

Significant correlation between level of self-rated disability and level of depression (as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory): r = 0.34
Significant correlation between level of self-rated disability and Mini-Mental State Examination: r = -0.48

Bibliography

Biemans, M. A., Dekker, J., et al. (2001). "The internal consistency and validity of the Self-Assessment Parkinson's Disease Disability Scale." Clin Rehabil 15(2): 221-228.

Brown, R. G., MacCarthy, B., et al. (1989). "Accuracy of self-reported disability in patients with parkinsonism." Arch Neurol 46(9): 955-959.

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